Steering apparatus



E. A, PARMELL AND T. MCLEAN.

STEERING APPARATUS.

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E. A. PARMELE AND T. McLEAN.

STEERING APPARATUS. APPLxcATloN man AuG.10.191a.

Patented June 22, 1920.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

` tion of the sound, whereby yUNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

nnwAnD A. rAnunLE Aim 'rami iiroLnAN, or s'iA'rnN ISLAND, :mw ironic.

STEERING APPARATUS.

Specification o! Letters Patent. Ptented June 22, 1920.

Application ma August io, isis. serial in. 249,257,

`and TRUE McLnAN, citizens of the United States, and residents of'Staten Island borough of Richmond, and State of Newl JYork respectively,have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Steering Apparatus,of which the following is a specification.

The object of our invention is to provide means for steering watercraft, such for example as torpedoes, through the medium of soundsproceeding from another mechanically driven craft, such as an enemy,which sounds will affect our improvements in such a manner as to causethe craft having our improvements automatically tobe steered at suchenemy. f

One of the particular features of our invention is to utilize the samein a self-propelled torpedo in such a manner that sound waves passingthrough the water from an enemy craft, such as a submarine, will affectthe sound responsive member or members of our improvements when one orboth of them receive such sound waves whereby to cause the steeringrudder of the to'lpedo to be operated to steer the latter at the enemycraft so as to cause contact of the torpedo with the latter for itsdestruction.

In carrying out our invention we rovide a self-propelled craft, such asa torpe o, with -a pair of sound responsive instruments, such 'assubmarine microphones, preferably near in such direction, or if thesound is received in both of said sound responsive instruments equally,said rudder will be held in position to cause the torpedo to proceed inthe directhe torpedo will be caused automatically to hit an enemy craftfrom which such sounds proceed. By the use of our improvements it'onlywill be necessary to launch the torpedo in the general direction whencethe sound waves from the enemy craft proceed, and our automaticallyoperating umechanism responsive to such sounds will cause the /torpedoto be steered at such enemy.

Means for carrying out our invention will b e lmore fully hereinafterdescribed and then pointed out in the claims.

Reference is to be had to the accompanyingwdrawings forming part hereof,Awherein igure 1 is a plan view illustrating our improvementsdiagrammatically, and showing .conventionally in diagrammatic form aportion of a torpedo equipped with our improvements; Fig. 2 is a partlysectional plan view substantially on the line 2, 2, in Fig. 3,illustrating a translating device adapted to be contljolled by theoperation of the sound responsive instruments or microphones forcontrolling other circuits .illustrated diagrammatically in Fig. l; Fig.3 is a side view of Fig. 2; Fig. 4 'is a plan'view illustrating meansfor balancing or stabilizing the last named device; Fig. 5 is a detailsec- -tion substantially on the line 5, 5 in Fig. 4;

Fig.- 6 is a partly broken plan view il trating'rudder controllingdevices in more mechanical form than in the diagram of Fig. 1 Fig. 7 isa side view of Fig. 4, artly in section on the line Y7 7, in Fig. 6; ig.8 is a section onn the line 8, 8, in F ig. 6; Fig. 9 isan enlargeddetail plan view of' part of Fig. 6; Fig. l0 is a.section on the line10, 10, in Fig. 9; Fig. 11 is a detail section of a brush of .the ruddercontrolling devices of F 1g. Fig. 12 is a section on the line 12, 12, inFig. 6, and Fig. 13 is a diagrammatic view illustrating means toincrease or intensify the action of the microphones hereinafter referredto.

Similar numerals and xletters orreference` invention, and need not befurther described.

The torpedo also may be equipped with a war-head and otheressentialparts for its proper operation and explosion, infany desired manner,provision, however, to be made within the torpedo to receive` iourimproved mechanism for controlling the steerin of ther torpedo at anobject or target rom which sounds pass through the water. The

rudder 4 for steering the torpedo laterally may be vertically journaledin the torpedo in any well known manner to be operated as hereinafterdescribed.

At 5, 6, are sound responsive instruments, such as micro hones, adaptedto receive submarine soun s, and as such microphones in themselves formno art of our invention, but are utilized thereln, a detail descriptionof such microphones will not be necessary, it being understood that thesound responsiveinstruments or microphones may be constructed in anyapproved manner, such as similar to the microphones now used on vesselsto detect submarine sounds proceeding from other vessels. We have shownthe sound responsive instruments 5, 6, as located adjacent to the heador bow of the torpedo and as communicating with sound receiving horns ortubes 7, 8, which instruments and horns may be located within thetorpedo and the receiving ends of thel horns may open through the sideof the torpedo, (Fig. l). An electric battery is indicated at 9 and oneterminal thereof is connected by means of conductors 10, 11, with thecorresponding terminals of the microphones. The other terminals of saidmicrophones are shown connected by conductors 12, 13, with correspondinterminals of primary windings 14, 15, of induction coils or transformersa, b, the other terminals of which windings are shown connected togetherby conductor 16.

.The conductor 16 is connected to one terminal of the primary Winding 17of a third induction coil or transformer c, the other terminal of whichwinding is connected to the terminal of batter 9 op osite the conductor10. One terminall of t e secondary winding 18 of induction coil a isconnected by conductor 19 with one terminal of coil 20 of a translatingdevice d, from the other terminal of which coil a conductor 21, leads tothe other terminal of coil 18. The device d may be o erated on theprinciple of a dynamometerrequenc meter. One terminal of the secondaryWlndin 22 of induction coil b is connected by con uctor 23 with oneterminal of coil 24 of translatin device d from the other terminal ofwhic coil a conductor 25 leads to the opposite terminal of coil 22. Thecoils 2O and 24 may be of insulated wire wound side by side in the samedirection or parallel andspaced a art upon an insulating hollow core 26which may be secured in a suitable frame 27 (see Figs. 2 and 3). Withincoils 20 and 24 and normally at right an les thereto, is a coil 28 ofsuitable insulate wire wound upon an iron core 29, which may compriselaminated sheets, the direction of winding 28 being normallysubstantially at right an les to the direction of windings 20 and 24. heterminals of winding 28 are connected by conductors 17, 17 withcorresponding "terminals of secondary winding 17c of coil c, (Fig. 1).Windin 28 is pivotally supported within the win ings 20 and 24, so as toturn under the influence of current therein and in one or the other ofthe last named windings as well as by reason of the difference ofcurrent in said windings and to be at right angles thereto when both ofsaid Windings are equall excited. Pivots 30 and 31 project from t eupper and lower parts of core 29, are insulated therefrom and passfreely throu h holes in core 26, which pivots are journale in suitablebearings 32, 33 carried by frame 27 (Figs. 2 and The rotary movements ofcoil 28 are intended to control circuits which in turn will controlrudder 4. The amount of laminated iron in core 29 may be governed by thefrequency of the sounds generated by the submarine enemy. )Ve have shownan insulated finger 34 secured to and projecting from pivot 30 anddisposed between opposing spaced spring-acting contacts 35, 36, normallyin engagement with a Contact 37 that is connected to one terminal of abattery 38 (Fig. 1). The opposite terminal of said battery is connectedby branch conductor 39 to relays 40, 41, the other terminals of whichrelays are connected by conductors 42, 43 to contact s rin s 35, 36, resectively (Figs. l, 2 and 3 he'circuit of t e relays is thus normallyclosed when winding 28 1s normal or atn right angles to windings 20 and24, and whereby when winding 28 swings to one side or another thecircuit of one or the other of said relays will be broken by operation`of finger 34 against contact 35 or 36. The armatures of said relays thusare normally out of en agement with contacts 44 and 45 respective y,which armatures are connected to the corresponding terminal of battery46 by branch conductor 47. Contact 44 is connected by conductor 48 toone terminal of the windin of a solenoid 49 and contact 45 is connecteby conductor 50 to one terminal of the winding of a solenoid 51 theopposite terminals of which solenoi sare connected by a branch conductor52 to the terminal of battery 46 opposite the terminal thereof connectedwith the armatures of said relays (Fig. 1). The arrangement is such thatwhen winding 28 swings to one side or another and operates thecorresponding spring contact 35 or 36, the circuit of` relay 40 or 41will be broken, and its armature will make engagement with thecorrespond ing contact 44 or 45 whereb the corres ondin solenoid 49 or51 will e energize n order to avoid undesired movement of winding 28with respect to windings 20 and 24, due to rollin pitching or othermovements of the cra t or torpedo, the frame 27 (Figs. 2 and 3) vmay besupported in a universal manner and preferably provided with apendulating weight tending to maintain said frame in a lnormal positionof equilibrium. An arrangement for such purpose is illustrated in Figs.4 and 5, wherein said frame may be inclosed 'in a box 27L (or the framemay be in the form of a box), provided with pivots e, f, which are shownattached to a ring g, which pivots are supported by a surrounding ringk. The lring h is within a stationary rame or support shown in the formVof a ring fi, and pivots j, It, connect ring h with ring or frame z atright angles to the pivots e, f. The ring or frame t' may have supportsor uprights m, secured in suitable position within the toredo or craft.At n' is a we hted pendulum (Fig. 5) depending from rame 27 or its box27a. The arrangement is such that the coils 20, 24 and 28 will remainbalanced'in a normal position by reason of the ability of the rings gand h to assume diilerent positions and the balancing of the coils bythe pendulum during various positions, the craft or torpedo may assumein the water, and whereby the coil 28 will be maintained in a properposition for operating with respect to coils 2() and 24 in manner beforedescribed.

Solenoids 49 and 51 (Fig. 1) are utilized as a means to cause operationof rudder 4 to one side or another from its normal position for steeringthe torpedo on a strai ht course. A suitable motor may be utilize forcontrolling the operation of the rudder throu h the medium of the actionof said solenoi We have diagrammatically illustrated a reversibleelectric motor wherein 53 indicates the armature and 54 indicates thefield winding of such motor, one terminal of which armature is connectedto a battery 55 and the othei terminal of which armature is confnectedby conductor 56 to contacts 57, 58

of a reversing switch. The other terminal of battery 55 is connected tocontacts respectively controlled by switches 59, 60 and the terminals offield Ywinding 54 are connected to contacts controlled by said switchesin an ordinary manner for control- ,ling reversing motors of theycharacter speciied, the circuits through the switches being normallyopen. The switch 59 is controlled by a rod or the like 61 connected withcore 49a of solenoid 49, and the switch 60 is connected by a rod or thelike 62 with core 51 of solenoid 51. The arrangement is such that whencore 49 is attracted the switch 59 will close the circuits of the motorthrough battery 55 to cause rotation of armature 53 in one direction,and when core 51EL is attracted the switch 60 will close the othercorresponding circuits of the motor through battery 55 to cause rotationof armature 53 in a reverse direction. When neither solenoid core isattracted the armature will not rotate. To control the rudder 4 by theoperation of the armature of such lation the contacts motor we haveillustrated the followindg arrangements designed to cause the rud er toturn to one `side or another according to the sounds received in one orthe other of the sound vresponsive instruments or microphones 5, 6, aswell as to cause the rudder to steer the torpedo on a straight course incase the sound received in said instruments 5, 6 to which they aretuned, is equal, or in case no sound is received in said instruments.For such purpose we have illus-u trated a gyroscope having a contactthat will maintain a substantially definite position regardless of themovement of other contacts coperative therewith due to deviation of thecraft or torpedo from a straight course, or due to shifted positions ofsuch contacts due to sounds received in the sound responsive-instrumentsor microphones 5, 6, for causing steering of the craft or torpedo in thedirection from which such sounds proceed. The rotor of the gyroscope isindicated at 63 (Figs. 6, 7 and 8) and its supporting shaft 64 is shownpivotally supported in a ring 65 secured within a rin 66. Said parts ofthe gyroscope may be o any suitable or well known construction and anydesired means may be provided to maintain rotation of rotor 63 duringoperation of our improvements. The ring 66 is pivotally supported withina frame 67 by means of pivots 68 shown connected with ring 66 androtative in bearings in the ring 67. The base 67a of frame 67 may besuitably secured in the craft or torpedo in such a manner that pivots 68will extend vertically, whereby the axis of shaft 64 of the rotor mayremain in a previously set direction during rotation of the latterregardless of the deviation of the craft or torpedo from a straightcourse, or from the direction in which the torpedo may be launched. Therotor or one of its rings, such as the ring 65, is provided with acontact 69 (Figs. 1 and 6), which contact is connected to one terminalof a battery 70, as by a conductor 71 (Fig. 1). The opposite terminal ofsaid battery is shown connected by branch conductor 72 withcorresponding terminals of the windings of solenoids 73, 74, the otherterminals of which windings are res ectivel connected with brushes 75,76. aid brus es respectively engage movable contact strips 77, 7 8 whichare insulated from each other. Said contacts are shown supported upon arotative ring or member 79, (Figs. 6, 7 and 8), that surrounds the rotorrings 65, 66 and is free therefrom, insulation at 80 being carried bysaid ring to which insu- 77 and 78 are secured in any suitable manner,whereby they will be out of circuit with ring 79. Ring 79 may besupported for rotation around the gyroscope rings and rotor in anysuitable manner. We have shown frame 67 provided with brackets or arms81 branched on opposite sides of frame 67 and earrym ant1- frictionballs or rollers 82 set in suita le recesses in said brackets or armsand receiving an annular groove 79 in the under surface of ring 79,whereby the latter is supported for rotation in an almost frictionlessmanner. Gears or rollers 83 are shown disposed around ring 79 andsupported by pivots 84 carried by brackets or arms 81 to uide ring 79during its annular movements.

aid ring is shown provided W1th peripheral teeth 85 coperating with saldgears. Disks 86 are shown disposed upon pivots 84 and ovverlie ring 79to lieep the latter from rising from its bearings: A gear, such as aworm 87, is in mesh with teeth 85 for rotating ring 79, and the shaft 88of said worm is rotated by armature 53 (F 1 g. 1), of the reversingmotor, whereby said ring with its contacts 77, 78, may automaticallyadjusted in an annular direction with respect to contact 69 of thegyroscope rotor.

It will be noted in Fig. y6 that the opposing ends of contacts 77 and 78are spaced apart, whereby the contact 69 may be 1n a position betweensaid contact ends and the circuits (Fig. 1) from battery 70 throughsolenoids 73 and 74 will be broken. The cores 73, 74a of said solenoidsare respectively operatively connected by suitable means, such as levers89, 90., with rudder 4 (Fig. 1) whereby when said solenolds are notenergized said rudder wlll be malntained in a direction fore and aft forsteering the craft or torpedo on a straight course, whereas if only oneof said solenoids be energized the rudder will be turned steer the craftor torpedo in a corresponding d1- rection. If the craft or torpedodeviates from a straight course a contact 77 or 78 will be caused toengage contact 69 which will be maintained in a given direction by thegyroscope, and thereupon one or the other of said solenoids will beenergized to cause operation of the rudder 4 for returning the craft ortorpedo to the straight course, whereupon engagement between contact 69and one of said contacts 77 or 78 will be broken, as the contact 69 willonce more rest on insulation.

Assuming that the sound from thecnemy craft, such as a submarine, isdetected on a ship by the apparatus nor in use as comin, r from a givengeneral direction, or assuming that such submarine or its periscope maybe seen before the torpedo is launched, the gyroscope will be set oraimed by means of contact 69 for steering the torpedo in the directionof such sound or submarine in an ordinary manner, and the torpedo willbe launched. If contact 69 is not in engagement with contact 77 or 78(Fig. 6) the torpedo will proceed on this straight course.

If the torpedo is not proceeding in a course such as to cause it tostrike an enemy craft or submarine, in the direction in which it hasbeen launched, the sounds from such enemy submarine or other craft,received in one of the microphones 5 or 6, will cause How of current inprimary winding 14 or 15 and in the primary winding 17. Assuming thatthe sound is received in microphone 5, the current flowing throughwindings 14 and 17 will cause flow of induced current in the secondarywinding 18 and thence throu h winding 20, as well as through thesecondary winding 17 of coil c and thence througlrwinding 28, whereuponthe latter will be attracted to cause linger 34 to move to one side inFig. 1 (depending upon the polarity of the coils to each other) breakinthe circuit of relay 40. The circuit wil then close between the armatureof said relay and contact 44, through battery 46 and solenoid 49,whereupon its core will be attracted and switch 59 will close thecircuit of motor 53, 54 to cause rotation of armature 53 in such amanner that it will rotate worm 87 in the proper direction for rotationof ring 79 to cause circuit to be closed between contacts 69 and 77,whereupon solenoid will be energized and will cause turning of rudder 4,whereby the torpedo will be caused to turn in the direction of suchsound. So long as microphone 5 receives the aforesaid sounds from thesubmarine or other enemy craft, the torpedo will continue to turn in thedirection of such sounds until said sounds are received equally well inmicrophone 6, at which point the microphone circuits are balanced andcoils 20 and 24 exert the same pull in each direction on coil 28 whichremains stationary. When the sounds from an enemy craft are received inboth microphones with substantially the same intensity the coil 28returns to normal and the circuit of motor 53, 54 will be broken andrudder 4 will steer the torpedo dead ahead at the enemy and the torpedowill continue on such course so long as the sounds from the submarineare received equally in the microphones.

In case the sound from the submarine should have affected thesound-responsive instrument or microphone 6, instead of 5, theoperations above described respecting microphone 5 would be reversed,that is to say, finger 34 would have been moved sidewise in Fig. 1 tocause breaking of the circuit of relay 41 and operation of the motorarmature 53 in the reverse direction to cause contact 78 to engagecontact 69, whereupon the solenoid 74 would be energized to cause therudder to turn correspondingly to steer the torpedo in the direction ofthe sound until such sound equalizes in both microphones, orsubstantially so, to cause the rudder to steer the torpedo dead ahead.lt

will be understood .that'whenever the tor- ,p

o is steered at the enemy in sucha manjner that theA sounds pr g fromthe latter to both microphones 5, 6 substan- 6 tially aii'ect coils a,cnuall the currents -therein will become wi remain balanced, and therudder will have returned toand will remain in normal position forsteering ead ahead until Athe target -is 10 struck. It will beunderstood, furthermore, with the enemy submarine or target in mo tionthe torpedo will follow the same, because the circuits through windings20, 24 and 28 willvbe differently affected if the i1li soun'd isgreater-in one microphone than another b reason'of such, movements ofthe enemy, w ereby the steering of the torpedo will correspond untilboth microphones again receive the sound equally and the tor- Y pedowill t j-proceed toward the enemy on aV straight co rse or dead ahead. Y

In case it should be desired to 'increase or' intensify the action ofthe microphones, receivers 91, such as telephone receivers; 2li' may beincluded in the circuits of the coils of the secondary windings 18 and22 of the induction coils or transformers a and b, 13k the batteryconductor 11 being conn to the ap ropriateterminals o sie saidreceivers, where y when current is in-` duced in windin 18 and 22 by theaction of the microphone 5, 6 said receivers will act by their proximityto the microphones to increase the vibration of 85 their respectivediaphragms to intensi the `current in the p windin o the i coils ortransformers a, c. Sai receivers may be adjustably supported adjacent tothe microphones so that the receivers may 40 be set in proper positionwith relation to tlie latter to produce the roper responsive tone andmaximum amp cation, hence the desired effect.

To avoid d r of the torpedo following sounds other t an those emanatingfrom `the enemy craft, it is deemed advisable to provide a correctamountv of iron. in core 29' or to tune the regenerative instruments 5,91 and 6, 91 or both such iron and tuning, so that they will respond themore,

readily to the particular frequency of the enemy sounds.` By such m`eansin the tor. do it may not ,lib necessaryto stop the ship m which thtorpedo is fired particu-i larl if the sound fr uency of the enemy crais suilicientlyl di erent from that proceeding from such ship.

' Although in Fig. 1 the cores of the solenoids 73 and 74 areshown as ycon oo nected with the rudder bg 'the interposed levers 89, 90, it willhe rstood that said solenoids may be causedto operate valves forcontrolling well known compressed air means for operation of the rudderin a well manner. It will be understood `ma be varia le with respect tothat the contacts 77 and 78 may he resistance contacts in casev thearrangement last described foroeration with com air is used forntrolling the ru der operations, whereb the action of the solenoids 'I0sai valves, and the brushes 75, .6 will be applied to such resistancecontacts at the prpper positions.

e have referred to our improvements as 76 ladapted to control verticallypivoted rudder 4 for lateral steering of the craft or torpedo, but itwill be understood that our invention may be utilized in connection witha horizontally pivoted rudder ada ted s0 to steer the craft or torpedoin vertica directions so as to seek an enemy submarineat v{'ililyingdepths ,in the water. v i

e We.- have illustrated and described an apparatus adapted to carry o utthe pur- 35 poses of our invention, it will be understood .that ourinvention is not limited to the particular devices set forth nor to theparticular arrangement of the parts, instruments and circuits specified,as the same may be so varied, within the scope of the appended claims,without de arting from the spirit of our invention. A thong we havereferred to our invention as being usefulfin a'torpedo of the classspecified, it will be understood that th. same may be used in any otherform of craft or vehicle capable of selfpropulsion and self-steeringwithout the aid of human agency for such o rations.

Having now described our invention what we claim is: ,I c

1. A craft havingmeans for steering it and provided with soundresponsive means, transformers having primary coils in circuitrespectively with said sound responsive ies means, a translating devicehaving coils respectively in circuit with the secondary coils of saidtransformers, a transformer havinlg1 its primary winding in circuitcommon wit the primary windings of the first named transformers and withsaid sound responsive means, said translating device having a movablecoil in1 circuit with the secondary winding 0f the second namedtransformer, an'd electrically operating means interp between saidsteering means and said translatingedevice and operated by the movablemem r of the latter for controlling the operation of said steeringmeans. a

2. A craft having means for steering it and provided with soundresponsive means, transformers having primary coils in circuitrespectively with said sound responsive means, a translating devicehaving coils 'respectively in circuit with the secondary 125 coils ofsaid transformers, a transformer having its rimai'y windin in circuitcommonr with tlic primary win in of the first named transformers and witsaid 'sound responsive means, said translating device havinfg a movablecoil in circuit with the secon ary winding of the second namedtransformer, a motor to control said steering means, and electricallyoperating means interposed between said motor and said translatingdevice and provided with circuits controllable by the movable member ofthe latter for controlling the operation of said motor.

3. A steering apparatus comprising a rudder, means to control operationof the rudder, sound responsive instruments, transformers havng theirprimary windings in circuit with said instruments, a translating devicecontrolled through said transformers, relays having normally closedcircuits controllable by said translatin device, a reversible motor forcontrolling the operation of the rudder controlling means, switch meansto control the direction of rotation of the motor and solenoids havingnormally open circuits controlled by said relays for controlling theoperation of the motor.

4. A steering apparatus comprising a rudder, means to control operationof the rudder comprising a reversible motor, solenoids having normallyopen circuits to control the circuits of the motor, relays havingnormally closed circuits to control the circuits of the solenoids atranslating device havin a movable member to control the circuits o therelays, sound responsive instruments and electrically operating meansoperative by the sound responsive instruments for controlling saidtranslating device.

steering apparatus comprising a rudder, means to control operation ofthe rudder comprising a reversible motor, solenoids to control thecircuits of the motor, rela s to control the circuits of the solenoi s,a translating device having a movable member to control the circuits ofthe relays, soiind responsive instruments, transformers respectivelyhavin their primary windings connected with said sound responsiveinstruments and an electric generator and having their secondarywindings in circuit with corresponding coils of said translating device,and a transformer having its primary winding` in common with the firstnamed primary windings 'and having its secondary winding in circuit witha movable winding of the translating device.

6. A plurality of sound responsive means, transformers having primarycoils in circuit respectively with said sound responsive means, atranslating device having coils respectively in circuit with thesecondary coils of said transformers, a transformer havin its primarywinding in circuit common witg the primary windings of the first namedtransformers and with said sound responsive means, said translatingdevice having a movable coil in circuit with the secondary winding ofthe second named transformer, and mechanism controlled by saidtranslating device.

steering apparatus comprising a rudder, a gyroscope having a contact,movable contacts to coperate therewith and out of contact with the firstnamed contact when steering dead ahead, electrically operating meanscontrollable through said movable contacts to control said rudder,electrically operating means to control said movable contacts because ofengagement of one of the latter with the gyroscope contact when notsteering dead ahead, and sound responsive instruments to control saidsecond named electrically operating means.

8. A steering apparatus comprising a rudder, a gyroscope having acontact, movable contacts to coperate therewith and out of contact withthe first named contact when steering dead ahead, solenoids operativelyconnected with said rudder, brushes connected with said solenoids andcooperative with the movable contacts respectively, electricallyoperating means to operate the movable contacts because of engagement ofone of the latter with the gyroscope contact when not steering deadahead, and sound responsive instruments to control said electricallyoperating means.

9. A steering apparatus comprising a rudder, a gyroscope having acontact, movable contacts to cooperate therewith and out of contact withthe first named contact when steering dead ahead, a translatingdevice,electrically operating means controllable by said device to control saidmovable contacts, transformers having secondary windings connected withcorresponding windings of said translating device, and sound responsiveinstruments having circuits con- Y nected with the primary windings ofthe transformers respectively.

10. A steering apparatus comprising a rudder, a gyroscope having acontact, movable contacts to coperate therewith and out of contact withthe iii-st named contact when steering dead ahead, a translating devicehaving stationary coils and a movable coil to control said movablecontacts, transformers having their Secondary windings connected withsaid stationary coils respectively, another transformer having itssecondary winding connected with said movable coil, and sound responsiveinstruments connected with the primary windings of the lirst namedtransformers respectively and in common with the primary Winding of thesecond named transformer.

11. A craft having means for steering it and provided with soundresponsive means, transformers having primary coils in circuitrespectively with said sound responsive means, a translating devicehaving coils respectively in circuit with the secondary coils of saidtransformers, amplifiers includedin eruted by the movable member of thelatter for controlling the operation o said steerin means.

bi ned at New York, county of New York 16 and l tate of New York, andIthaca county of Tompkins und Stute of New York, respectively, this 1stdey of August2-19l8, and 6th day of August, 1918, respectlvely.

EDWARD A. PARMELE. TRUE MGLEAN.

